Arabian Damselfish

The Arabian Damselfish is a peaceful and sociable schooling species that represents a refreshing departure from the typically aggressive reputation of damselfish. This slender, elegant fish features a subtle grayish-blue to olive body accented by a distinctive bright yellow tail that gives it both its species name (xanthurus meaning "yellow tail") and its principal visual charm. Adults reach only about 3 inches in length, making them well-suited for moderately sized aquariums where they can be kept in small groups.

In the wild, Neopomacentrus xanthurus is found throughout the Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf southward along the East African coast. Unlike many damselfish that cling tightly to reef structures, the Arabian Damselfish is a planktivorous species that forms loose aggregations in the water column above coral heads, reef walls, and artificial structures such as pier pilings and wrecks. This mid-water schooling behavior is what makes the species so much more peaceful than substrate-bound territorial damselfish, as it does not defend a specific patch of reef with the same intensity.

In the aquarium, the Arabian Damselfish is an ideal community resident that brings movement and activity to the middle water column. Its peaceful disposition allows it to coexist with a wide range of tankmates including clownfish, gobies, blennies, wrasses, and other community species. For best results, keep in groups of three or more to encourage natural schooling behavior. The species is completely reef-safe, extremely hardy, and accepts all standard aquarium foods with enthusiasm, making it an excellent choice for beginner aquarists who want a damselfish without the typical aggression issues.