
Diodon holocanthus
Family: Diodontidae ยท Pufferfish
Also known as: Long-Spine Porcupinefish, Balloonfish, Spiny Puffer
The Porcupine Puffer is one of the most endearing and personality-rich fish available to marine aquarists. This large, round-bodied species is covered in sharp spines that lie flat against the body under normal conditions but erect dramatically when the fish inflates itself with water as a defense mechanism. Its large, expressive eyes, dog-like face, and seemingly perpetual smile give it an irresistibly charming appearance.
Few marine fish develop the level of interactive personality displayed by the Porcupine Puffer. These intelligent animals quickly learn to recognize their keepers, beg for food, and even allow gentle handling. They will often follow their owner's movements around the room and splash at the water surface to get attention. This behavior, combined with their unique appearance, makes them one of the most beloved species in the saltwater hobby.
However, the Porcupine Puffer requires careful consideration before purchase. Adults can reach 12 inches or more, produce a significant bioload, and will consume any invertebrate they can catch. They are absolutely not reef-safe and are best maintained in large fish-only systems with robust filtration. Their fused beak-like teeth grow continuously and require hard-shelled foods for maintenance. Despite these demands, their unmatched personality makes them a treasured pet for dedicated aquarists.
Porcupine Puffers are carnivores that feed on hard-shelled invertebrates including crabs, snails, urchins, and mollusks in the wild. In captivity, offer a varied diet of frozen krill, shrimp, squid, clam, and mussel. Provide whole hard-shelled foods like snails, crab legs, and crayfish regularly to wear down their continuously growing teeth. Feed once to twice daily.
Despite their appearance, Porcupine Puffers are quite peaceful toward other fish. They coexist well with tangs, large angelfish, triggerfish, and other robust species. Will consume any invertebrates including shrimp, crabs, snails, and urchins. Not safe for reef aquariums. Avoid housing with small fish that could be accidentally consumed.
Check CompatibilityPorcupine Puffers have not been bred in home aquariums. In the wild, spawning occurs in open water with pelagic eggs. The extended oceanic larval phase and large adult size make captive breeding impractical for home aquarists.