
Monacanthus ciliatus
Family: Monacanthidae ยท Filefish
Also known as: Fringed Leatherjacket, Scrawled Filefish, Hairy Filefish
The Fringed Filefish is a charming Caribbean species that features a laterally compressed body with rough, sandpaper-like skin and distinctive fringe-like appendages along the belly and body edges. Its coloration is highly variable, ranging from mottled brown and green to gray and white, with the ability to rapidly change color and pattern to match its surroundings. This remarkable camouflage ability allows it to blend seamlessly with seagrass beds, algae-covered rubble, and sponge-encrusted reef surfaces in its natural habitat.
This species is relatively peaceful compared to many marine fish of similar size, making it suitable for community aquariums with compatible tankmates. In the wild, it inhabits seagrass beds, mangrove areas, and shallow reef zones where it feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, algae, and organic detritus. Its shy and retiring nature means it benefits from plenty of hiding spots and live rock structures in the aquarium.
The Fringed Filefish requires a minimum aquarium of 75 gallons and is not considered reef-safe due to its tendency to sample corals, anemones, and other sessile invertebrates. It does best in fish-only setups with peaceful to moderately aggressive tankmates. While not the most colorful fish in the hobby, its fascinating color-changing behavior and unique body shape make it an interesting and engaging aquarium inhabitant.
Fringed Filefish are omnivores that feed on small invertebrates, algae, seagrass, and organic detritus in the wild. In captivity, offer frozen mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, marine pellets, finely chopped seafood, and algae sheets. Multiple small feedings throughout the day work best. Feed two to three times daily.
The Fringed Filefish is peaceful toward other fish and does well in community aquariums with similarly tempered species. Avoid housing with aggressive or overly boisterous tankmates that may bully or outcompete it for food. Not reef-safe as it may nip at corals and other sessile invertebrates. Compatible with clownfish, gobies, smaller wrasses, and other peaceful species.
Check CompatibilityFringed Filefish have been occasionally bred in captivity. Pairs deposit sticky eggs on substrate or algae which are guarded by the male. Larvae are small and require specialized planktonic foods. Captive breeding is uncommon but possible in dedicated setups.